- 穿心莲 (Andrographis):它是一种在印度及其它亚洲国家常见的灌木。曾在历史上流感爆发时发挥过作用。至今为止共有7项研究发表,参与者达1000余名。这些研究发现穿心莲能显著缩短感冒病程并减轻症状。另外,它可能还有预防的作用。虽然还不清楚它的作用机制,但有证据提示它可能通过刺激免疫系统起作用。
- 维生素C:大量研究发现每天补充维生素C 1000mg及以上 (尤其是流感季节,即整个寒冬) 能减轻感冒症状,加快恢复。另外,有一项研究显示维生素C能增强感冒常规治疗(如对乙酰氨基酚)的疗效。
- 人参:一项涉及323例参与者的双盲研究显示,每天服用美国人参400mg有助于预防感冒。那些服用人参提取物4个月以上的参与者患感冒的次数明显减少,而且症状也要轻些。一项有43位参与者的研究也得出类似的结论。另外,有两项共计100例参与者的双盲研究还发现美国人参还可能有助于老年人预防流感样疾病。
- 蒜:蒜用来预防感冒已经有很悠久的历史。然而,直到2001年才有科学证据表明它的这种疗效。事实上,之前很多人只是开玩笑的说是因为人们吃了蒜之后很难闻,别人会和他保持一定的距离,所以他就没被传染。但现在的确有一些证据支持蒜的预防感冒功效。在一项为期12周的双盲研究中,146位参与者在冬季 (从11月到次年2月) 摄入安慰剂或蒜提取物。结果显示摄入蒜提取物的参与者中发生感冒的比例比安慰剂组几乎少了2/3。此外,即使两组中的参与者均发生感冒,服用蒜提取物的参与者也要比安慰剂组恢复加快1天。另外,一项相对小规模的研究也得出相似的结果。注意:这些研究并不表明服用蒜提取物对已经感冒的人有治疗效果。
- 益生菌 (Probiotics):它们是一群 “定居” 在消化道中、有益健康的微生物。它们不仅有助于预防消化道炎症,似乎还能预防感冒。在芬兰的一个幼儿园开展的一项为期7个月、涉及571例儿童的双盲研究发现:服用了添加一种益生菌 (乳酸杆菌GG) 的牛奶能适度减少呼吸道感染的发生,并减轻感染严重性。在另外三项大型研究中,研究人员发现它 (单独服用或者和多种维生素/矿物质联用) 还有助于预防成人感冒,同时有缩短病程、减轻感冒严重性的作用。还有一项涉及20例健康运动员的研究也发现在冬训时服用4个月以上的发酵乳酸杆菌 (另一种益生菌) 能显著减少呼吸道感染,并减轻症状。除此之外,一项小型双盲研究发现服用发酵乳酸杆菌能增强流感疫苗的有效性 (在此研究中,益生菌在打疫苗前、后2周各服一次)。
- 绿茶:一种由绿茶提取液制成的漱口水显示出对流感有一定的预防作用。一项为期3个月、共有124位日本养老院老人参加的双盲研究比较了用绿茶素或安慰剂漱口对预防流感的效果。所有的参与者在研究前都打了正规的流感疫苗。结果显示用绿茶素漱口的参与者比用安慰剂漱口的参与者发生流感的可能性要小。另外,还有一项双盲研究初步发现口服绿茶提取物可能对感冒和流感也可能有预防作用。
感冒和流感自然疗法
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