- 烟酸(Niacin, 即维生素B3):烟酸这种常见的维生素又被称为维生素B3,是一种有较强科学依据支持的治疗高胆固醇的医学方法。一些双盲试验发现烟酸可以降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL) 水平大约10%,降低甘油三酯水平25%,并能提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL) 水平20-30%。烟酸还能降低脂蛋白A(动脉粥样硬化的另一危险因素)约35%的水平。此外,长期使用烟酸能明显降低心血管疾病的死亡率。不过需要小心的是如果使用烟酸过量能引起恼人的 “脸红” 反应并且偶然还会引起肝脏炎症。所以最好低剂量使用且尽可能在医生的指导下使用。
- 可溶性纤维 (Soluble fiber):补充水溶性纤维, 如欧车前 (Psyllium)、羟甲香豆素 (hydroxymethylcellulose) 及其类类似物、燕麦中的β-葡聚糖 (beta-glucan) 可以降低胆固醇水平。
- 大豆蛋白 (Soy protein):大豆蛋白能降低总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(即有害的LDL)以及甘油三酯大约5-15%的水平。一项研究发现每天只要摄入大约20g的大豆蛋白就能明显改善胆固醇水平。使用更高的量可以获得更大的益处。科学家曾经认为异黄酮是大豆中改善胆固醇水平的有效成分,不过新的研究发现大豆中的其他物质可能更重要,所以为了保持有效性,大豆蛋白最好保持其原始状态,一些大豆蛋白提取物的效果可能会有所降低。
- 朝鲜蓟叶 (Artichoke leaf):尽管朝鲜蓟叶主要是被用于刺激胆囊功能的,但其也可能有助于降低高胆固醇水平。在一项由143位高胆固醇患者参与的双盲试验中,朝鲜蓟叶提取物可以明显降低血脂水平(包括总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白/高密度脂蛋白的比例)约10-15%. 朝鲜蓟叶可能是通过干扰胆固醇的合成而起作用的。朝鲜蓟叶中所含的四羟黄酮可能是其中的有效成分。
高胆固醇自然疗法
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